Commemorating a Masonic Monument

On June 22, 2018, Grand Master Bruce R. Galloway joined the Masons of King David’s Lodge No. 209 for a ceremonial resealing of the Dorn Pyramid at San Luis Cemetery in San Luis Obispo. Robert Sachs, master of King David’s Lodge, shares this fascinating story about the pyramid’s past and present.

 

The Famous Dorn Pyramid
By Robert Sachs
 

If you are driving North on Highway 101, as you come close to the exits leading to downtown San Luis Obispo, you pass by one of those fading landmarks in American small-town life – a drive-in movie theatre. But, as you nip past the back left edge of the screen, a more surprising landmark catches your eye: a large, gray granite pyramid.

The Dorn Pyramid is a distinct and reputed San Luis Obispo landmark, which is visited by tourists and locals alike with various intentions and curiosities. It sits on the most prominent piece of landscape in San Luis Cemetery, the site of many monuments to notable local citizens and luminaries. And, the story behind this 23-foot high granite pyramid constructed in 1905 is similarly notable when it comes to the people to whom it is dedicated.

In the 1880s, Frederick Dorn was a San Luis Obispo district attorney, master of King David’s Lodge, and member of the Odd Fellows. He fell in love with Cora Belle Russell, the daughter of a fellow Freemason whose family was known for its wealth and influence. They seemed like a golden couple, andwere married in 1890 by a noted minister, Reverend Russell Weeks Summers of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

Unfortunately, their lives were not so easy. Presumably Cora had difficulties in conceiving a child. When she did, in 1904, it was around the time that her own mother passed away. In 1905, their son died in childbirth. Two days later, Cora also passed away. The grief-stricken Dorn contracted a mausoleum in the shape of a pyramid as a testament to Cora and their son. Placed on the highest point of Odd Fellows Cemetery, it was built from ashlars of granite brought on wagons from Porterville and had exact geometric measurements.

The door to the inner crypt was never locked permanently, as Dorn intended to be buried there when his time came. But, he remarried just three years later and resettled in the Bay Area. When he died, he was buried with his second family.

According to a local San Luis Obispo legend, in the mid-sixties, a car pulled into the parking lot of the Odd Fellows Cemetery and a gentlemen (who some think may have been Dorn’s son), went into the mausoleum with a box and left empty-handed. As the door became more jammed into place, speculation grew, with no clear answer.

Mystery has continued to shroud the pyramid for decades. The precision construction of this perfect pyramid and its Masonic ties has led many authors – Masonic and non – to write of the mysterious Dorn Pyramid. It was recently featured in a multi-state treasure hunt and tourists visit from all parts of the globe. Cemetery officials report that locals have long used the spot to picnic, watch movies on the drive-in screen, and leave love notes and mementos as testament to the pyramid’s origin of a sign of undying love. Today, a local cockerel seems compelled to circumambulate the pyramid as if he is on sentry duty.

In 2017, to honor Dorn as a brother Freemason and former lodge master, King David’s Lodge sought and received permission from the Dorn family to finally seal the opened wall of the pyramid around the door to the crypt. The preliminary sealing took place on January 23, 2018. Stonemasons from Santa Barbara cut the ashlars that had sat before the open door for more than 100 years.

On June 22, 2018 King David’s Lodge hosted a ceremony to seal the final seam. In attendance were Grand Master Bruce Galloway, several Grand Lodge officers, and members of King David’s Lodge; San Luis Obispo Mayor Heidi Harmon; members of the Dorn and Russell families; the San Luis Obispo city historian; California Polytechnic State University faculty and students; and members of the public.

A Big Spark

A NEW LODGE IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BLENDS A RICH CULTURAL HERITAGE WITH LOVE FOR COMMUNITY

By Drea Muldavin-Roemer

When called for an interview, Alfred Isagulyan of Raven’s Rock Lodge, U.D. is walking up the stairs. His energy is palpable. He explains that he is out of breath from the incline, yes, but also because he is so excited to talk about his lodge. Raven’s Rock Lodge, which is currently under constitution, opened its doors on June 10, 2017. It has since been busy producing local events that revolve around education and the arts, aiming to lift the community while staying true to Masonic tenets and traditions.

“It’s all in the name of Masonry,” says Isagulyan, who is the current lodge secretary. He explains that one of the main reasons for forming this lodge was to bring the fire back to the community, creating sparks of positivity that would effect far-reaching change on a local level, as well as in the world beyond. “We wanted to start creating action to benefit society more,” he says. “We’ve been very passive lately… as a society, and within Masonry.” Fellow members echo Isagulyan’s passion and commitment. They agree that Masonry has made them better men and they hope to see the lodge better their community.

The idea of Raven’s Rock Lodge came about when Isagulyan sat down to lunch with his good friend Jordan Yelinek, a fellow Freemason. Right then a spark was ignited. “It was exciting just knowing we could go through the steps and create something beautiful,” Isagulyan says. “A big light opened up in my mind.” The idea of building a lodge that was totally new, from the ground up, was too energizing to ignore, so he went back to his close friends (all fellow Freemasons) and asked if they wanted to form a lodge together, grounded in their existing relationships with Masonry and each other. “Our approach in Masonry is not about titles or positions,” he says. “In the end, we are friends that are trying to create this change and keep this fire in the community. We are channeling our energy now in our lives, and we have a lot of it.”

Though the idea of the lodge came about naturally and the brothers’ roots are firmly planted, building this lodge has been a huge undertaking for the friends. “In creating the lodge, we learned more about Masonry. Welearned how things get created and the energy that requires,” Isagulyan says. “It has been a rollercoaster ride of feelings. We have felt at times like, ‘Are we doing this right?’ But then we see our work in action and we feel it in action!”

One way that the brothers have been able to see and feel the impact of their work is through their immediate community of friends, family, and local public schools. Raven’s Rock Lodge is predominantly Armenian, which is more a matter of location than intention. Most of its members live in Glendale, a city with one of the largest populations of people of Armenian descent in the United States. The lodge welcomes people of all ethnic, cultural, and religious backgrounds. Its international and local membership includes brothers who maintain memberships in other lodges, as well. Without negating the benefits of such diversity, having so many members living in the same city is a strong suit; it makes it easy for brothers to witness their efforts at the end of the day.

The lodge helps members stay engaged by combining their personal and charitable interests. For instance, because several of the lodge’s members are proud classic car owners, they will host a car show in May from which all proceeds will benefit a local elementary school. If all goes well, they plan to hold similar events at other schools in the future. “We’re trying to keep it fun while benefitting our community,” Isagulyan says.

Last October they included their Armenian heritage in this approach, producing a cultural performance, “Khachaturian on Brand.” At this free event, open to the public, a string quartet played the songs of the late Armenian composer Aram Khachaturian while a local ballet danced to the music. “Khachaturian on Brand” was a local success, and was even covered by the Armenian media. It will now be an annual event. It was such an undertaking that beforehand the lodge worried about being able to pull it off. But, the lodge came together and made it happen. Their success reinvigorated their motivation to do more.

In addition to local events, Raven’s Rock Lodge has done work abroad. They recently planted 70 trees in Armenia, which will someday become a Masonic garden. This act is emblematic of the lodge’s overall intentions: to plant seeds and encourage growth, all over the world. Through the tenets of traditional Masonry, working both locally and internationally, Raven’s Rock Lodge has a long vision and a broad scope. “We’re trying to think big,” Isagulyan says. “We’re trying to make a real impact.”

Wonders of Masonic America

If you’ve been seeking an excuse to see the country, there’s no better time than the present. The lens of Freemasonry offers a fascinating perspective!

 

GEORGE WASHINGTON MASONIC NATIONAL MEMORIAL

Alexandria, Virginia

Come for the Masonic history and incredible architecture, stay for the amazing view. Brother Harvey Wiley Corbett, the building’s architect, drew upon the Lighthouse of Alexandria in Egypt, one of the Ancient Seven Wonders of the World, as his inspiration.

In addition to employing many Greco-Roman architectural styles, the building includes Replica Lodge Room – duplicating the design of Alexandria Lodge No. 22’s first permanent lodge room built in 1801. Preservation of this stunning Masonic building is funded by Masons around the United States (a donation to the memorial is included in California Masons’ per capita).

gwmemorial.org

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE HOUSE OF THE TEMPLE

Washington, District of Columbia

Located in our nation’s capital, the House of the Temple is the headquarters of the Supreme Council, 33°, Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Southern Jurisdiction, USA. Modeled after the famous Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, in Turkey – recognized as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World – the House of the Temple has been open to the public since its 1915 construction.

Take an awe-inspiring tour of John Russell Pope’s breathtaking architecture, including the two 17-ton sphinxes that adorn the building’s entrance and the magnificent dome ceiling of the Temple Room, which soars 100 feet above the altar. You’ll also be dazzled by a good amount of Masonic memorabilia in the mini-exhibits throughout the interior.

scottishrite.org/headquarters

 

MASONIC HALL NYC

New York City, New York

Foodies and historians unite in Manhattan’s Flatiron District, where you can take in the beautiful turn-of-the-century Masonic architecture alongside food trucks and high-end cuisine alike.

This impressive Masonic temple was built in 1873 and serves as the meeting place of the Grand Lodge of New York. Among its 15 immaculately restored event spaces are the fresco-embellished Renaissance Room and star-adorned Gothic Room. Its 14th floor houses the Chancellor Robert R. Livingston Library and Museum, which includes more than 60,000 volumes detailing Masonic history, philosophy, and symbolism.

masonichallnyc.org

 

THE PHILADELPHIA MASONIC TEMPLE

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

A visit to the City of Brotherly Love isn’t complete without a visit to the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. Considered to be one of the most beautiful Masonicbuildings in the world, the temple that houses the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania boasts stunning rooms based on themes of the ancient architectural world, including Egyptian, Moorish, and Corinthian rooms.

Constructed in 1873, it is filled with intricate ornamentation representing Masonic philosophy, symbolism, values, and history. Its museum counts among its many treasures the Masonic apron worn by United States President George Washington in the 18th century. Take a selfie with the bigger-than-life bronze statues of George Washington and Benjamin Franklin in front of the building.

pamasonictemple.org/temple

 

SANTA FE SCOTTISH RITE CENTER

Santa Fe, New Mexico

Built in 1912, this pink Moorish-style building includes a mural of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella accepting the surrender of Boabdil, the last Islamic ruler of Granada, Spain, in 1492.It was listed with the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

You can’t miss it – its architecture and interior garden sets it apart from its surroundings. Cool down from the hot sun with a tour of the lovely Alhambra Theater and more.

santafescottishrite.org


 

 

 

 

 

 

PLAN THE MASONIC ADVENTURE OF YOUR DREAMS!

Follow this simple checklist to make sure your trip is on the level.

  • Contact Member Services: Well in advance of your journey, contact Grand Lodge Member Services at (415) 292-9180 or memberservices@freemason.org. Share your dates and the places you’d like to visit. Member Services will confirm that our jurisdictions share recognition, handle initial communications on your behalf, and let you know which lodge to visit (if you haven’t already researched and specified one).
  • Obtain your letter of introduction: Member Services will send an official letter of introduction to you and to the grand lodge you would like to visit.
  • Pack your current California dues card: Be prepared to display your current dues card upon arrival.
  • Pack universal attire Unless you are certain that the lodge you will visit follows casual dress, you should prepare to wear a dark suit and tie, white gloves, and apron.
  • Arrive early for the examination: Give yourself at least 30 minutes before the stated meeting to present your credentials and take the oral exam to confirm your membership (usually conducted by three brothers).
  • Follow the ritual as you know it: Although ritual can vary between jurisdictions, it’s best to follow that of your home lodge to ensure the least disturbance to your hosts. Afterwards, you can discuss any differences.

Masons4Mitts: Baseball Is Back!

Dust off those gloves and get ready to knock one out of the park for your team: The 2018 Masons4Mitts season is now underway!

California Masons are once again stepping up to the plate in support of local kids. Every $20 gift puts a high-quality leather baseball mitt – embossed with the Masons of California logo – into the hands of a child in need.

 

Welcoming Angels Baseball
The California Masonic Foundation is excited to welcome our newest Masons4Mitts partner team: Angels Baseball. Through a special partnership with the Angels Baseball Foundation, children in the greater Anaheim region can now count on California Masons for a chance to play ball and lead healthier lives.

Mark Your Calendar for Masons Nights!
As in previous years, the team from each region that raises the greatest number of mitts will present their check publicly, along with Grand Master Galloway, at Masons Night in each stadium!  All Masons are encouraged to attend these fun-filled evenings of baseball and fellowship to show our support of local communities and kids. There’s never been a more fun opportunity to see yourself and your brothers on the Jumbotron!

 

Anaheim – New!
August 28, 2018 at 7:07 p.m.
Angels Baseball vs. Colorado Rockies

Los Angeles
September 17, 2018 at 7:10 p.m.
Los Angels Dodgers vs. Colorado Rockies

San Diego
September 18, 2018 at 7:10 p.m.
San Diego Padres vs. San Francisco Giants

San Francisco
September 25 at 7:15 p.m.
San Francisco Giants vs. San Diego Padres

Share the fun! Spread the word about Masons4Mitts to your brothers, family, friends and community: masons4mitts.org.

Questions? Email jcastro@freemason.org.

 

Help Us Celebrate #MasonicDads!

California Freemason is launching a new hashtag campaign – #MasonicDad – to correspond with our July/August issue, which will focus on the theme of “Freemasonry and Fatherhood.”

To participate, show us what Masonic fatherhood means to you! Share a photo of yourself with:

  • Your father, stepfather, or another childhood role model (Masonic or non) who helped shape you as the Mason you are today
  • A Mason who has been a role model for you
  • Someone for whom you feel fraternal affection (your own child, a child or Masonic youth you’ve mentored, or a Mason you’ve mentored)

These photos can be casual or formal, from any stage of life. Please share something that makes you smile! Be sure to include a caption explaining who is pictured.

Once you’ve chosen a photo, please share it with us in one of three ways:

Option 1: Post on Instagram
Post your picture on your public Instagram, tag @masonsofca and use the hashtag #masonicdad

Option 2: Post on Facebook
Post a public picture on Facebook, tag Masons of California, and include the hashtag #masonicdad

Option 3: Email us
Email your photo to communications@freemason.org along with your name, lodge name, and caption.

Thank you for helping us share the stories of California Masonry!

A Tradition of Scholarship

The California Masonic Symposium has been a tradition of our Grand Lodge since 2001, when more than 100 members and ladies attended the inaugural conference – making it one of the largest Masonic education events in recent history. After just one year, attendance rose by 50 percent, and by 2009, registration had grown to 350 participants. The Symposium’s location rotated between Northern and Southern California until 2012, when it was held for the first time in both San Francisco and Pasadena.

Today, the California Masonic Symposium enjoys a prestigious reputation amongst scholars of Freemasonry worldwide. Each year, it presents a topic of historical and philosophical relevance to California Masons.

California’s Masonic Pioneers
The 2018 Symposium – taking place June 9 in San Francisco and June 10 in Long Beach – will explore the fraternity’s whirlwind arrival in California, and the daring brothers who led the way.

Esteemed scholars of California Masonry will explore this fascinating period in our state’s history.

  • Past Grand Master John L. Cooper III, Ph.D.
  • Past Grand Master R. Stephen Doan, J.D.
  • Adam Kendall, past president of the Masonic Library and Museum Association
  • Brian Bezner, M.A., Masonic Education Committee chairman

 

Registration is just $20 for this all-day event. For an additional $15, add a catered lunch.

Share this story with your lodge! All freemason.org articles may be repurposed by any Masonic publication with credit to the Grand Lodge of California and the author. Print this article and post it at lodge; include it in your Trestleboard or website; email it to members; or use the buttons at the top of this page to share it on Facebook or Twitter.

Of a Divine and Moral Nature

Understanding Masonic Sacred Geometry

By James Lincoln Warren

The term “sacred geometry” can be somewhat intimidating: How might geometry be sacred, one might wonder. And, how does Masonry fit in?

The core concept of sacred geometry is that geometric order (shapes, curves, and constructs) precedes all physical existence – that geometry was invented by the Great Architect of the Universe as a structure through which to order all of creation. Under this tradition, its symbols take on metaphysical and symbolic meanings. “Geometry, or Masonry, originally synonymous terms, is of a divine and moral nature,” wrote William Preston, a seminal figure in 18th century British Freemasonry. “The contemplation of this science in a moral and comprehensive view, fills the mind with rapture…[and] proves the existence of a first cause.”

For some, all of geometry is sacred. At the other extreme, sacred geometry may be regarded as a system of fixed symbols and their relationships. As a coherent system, the origins of sacred geometry in Western civilization can be traced to the sixth century BCE philosophical school of Pythagoras. The historical Pythagoras is essentially a cipher, as there are no contemporary accounts of his philosophy. His extensive legend, however, along with the writings of Plato, Aristotle, and his other followers, was transmitted through the centuries and had a direct influence on the development of speculative Freemasonry.

___________________________________________________________________________

 

“By Geometry we may curiously trace nature through her various windings to her most concealed recesses. By it we discover the power, wisdom and goodness of the Great Artificer of the Universe …”

WILLIAM PRESTON

___________________________________________________________________________

Like Freemasonry, sacred geometry appeals to both the rational and creative mind. While geometric proof is relentlessly logical, the truths it conveys and patterns it reveals within the natural world urge its scholars to contemplate their place in God’s cosmos.

Many sacred geometric applications and symbols are familiar to Masons. First is the circumpoint, the point within a circle: In Masonry, the point represents an individual, and the circle, the limits of his behavior. In sacred geometry, this symbol is called the monad, which represented divinity and the unity of the universe to Pythagoras.

The standalone circle, being without end, symbolizes divinity and heaven. It is created using a compass and defined by three points. These points can be interpreted as the three principal tenets of Freemasonry – brotherly love, relief, and truth (the last of which is often described as “a divine attribute”). As a divine symbol, these points can also be interpreted to correspond with St. Paul’s theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity. These virtues are said to originate in God, and they are evoked in the celestial first-degree description of the covering of a lodge as heaven itself.

The circle’s complement is the square. Bound by four finite sides, it represents the limits of the physical world and our mortal existence. In Masonry, the square represents the perfect ashlar – a perfectly shaped square block without faults that is strong and steadfast, capable of supporting the blocks around it. Masons work to emulate this square; to be men of good character who are honest and reliable members of our communities. The square is reflected in the shape of the lodge room. The room’s sides correspond to the four cardinal points of the compass, and thus to a map of the Earth. It contains the four cardinal virtues adapted from Plato’s “Republic” which originate in man – temperance, fortitude, prudence, and justice.

A slightly more complex symbol is the Pythagorean tetractys, an equilateral triangle formed by 10 dots, which has a prominent role in the Scottish Rite:

 

This has many symbolic meanings, but an important one is perfection, or completeness, derived from the symbolic significance of the number 10.

The 3: 4: 5 right triangle, which displays the 47th Problem of Euclid as explained in the third degree, “teaches Masons to be general lovers of the arts and sciences.” Operative masons used a length of rope divided into 12 equal segments (three plus four plus five) to make this triangle. It provided them with a swift and accurate method of creating a right angle, to be used as a template for the Mason’s square.

Sacred geometric symbolism, which can be very complex, is only touched on lightly in the three degrees. Its most prominent place is in the second degree, where the candidate is urged to study the liberal arts and sciences, “especially of the noble science of Geometry.” As with all profound Masonic lessons, the instruction conveyed in the ritual is the beginning of wisdom to be discovered on this subject, not its culmination: There are profound depths ready to be plumbed.

The study of sacred geometry is a means by which “to view with reverence and admiration the glorious works of the Creation,” and to inspire a Mason “with the most exalted ideas of the perfections of his Divine Creator.” Although one understanding of sacred geometry is that its forms are divine manifestations in the natural world, one must take time to scrutinize the natural world in order to deduce them and marvel at their presence.

Preston wrote with lyrical awe on the beautiful geometry in nature, from the most elegant seashell and flower to the vastness of space. As he professed, in words forever enshrined in Masonry,

“By Geometry we may curiously trace nature through her various windings to her most concealed recesses. By it we discover the power, wisdom, and goodness of the Great Artificer of the Universe… A survey of nature, and the observation of her beautiful proportions, first determined man to imitate the Divine plan, and to study symmetry and order.”

This is the true objective of sacred geometry and its symbols: Finding further light within Masonry.

California Freemason: Sacred Geometry

Masonic Sacred Geometry: Hidden Mysteries in the Ordinary World
In Masonic philosophy, sacred geometry reveals ephemeral spiritual realities and personal truths through tangible architectural forms. From its roots in classical philosophy to contemporary applications, sacred geometry’s contemplation oftentimes leads to revelation.

READ NOW

Tell us what you think!
Share your options on this issue, and let us know what types of content you like best, by completing our five-minute magazine survey!

Executive Message
Deputy Grand Master Stuart A. Wright shares how geometry and the working tools of architecture provide a lens through which to view our lives.

Of a Divine and Moral Nature
Sacred geometry imbues the human experience with evidence of the divine. Geometric symbolism reveals its mysteries.

An Analytical Mind
A lifelong passion for knowledge, learning, and exploring the unknown has inspired one brother to give back.

Soul of the Temple
Sacred geometry has been an important element of sacred architecture for centuries. Explore awe-inspiring examples from around the world.

Solomon’s Sacred Geometry
Solomon’s Temple is a premier example of Masonic iconography. Researchers have long theorized that sacred geometry may have been referenced by its layout and design.

Masonic DIY: Create a Perfect Square 
Using simple tools and math, create a perfect square in the same method our Masonic forefathers employed.

The Freemason’s Gambit
Two longtime Masons have found that a lifelong passion for chess provides an enduring sense of challenge, accomplishment, and thrill.

Envisioning Harmony
Twinned interests in Masonic sacred geometry and architecture have brought great meaning and a deep sense of connection to one brother’s life and Masonic experience.

Love California Freemason? There’s an app for that! Get on-the-go access for your iPad and iPhoneAndroid devices; or Kindle Fire.

Have magazine feedback you’d like to share? Email your comments to editor@freemason.org.

Why I Became a Mason

This personal account of my Masonic education is my way of sharing with you some of the reasons that motivated me to become a Freemason, and the difference it has made since I first knocked at the door of a Masonic lodge on May 28, 1964.

By John L. Cooper III, Past Grand Master

A Formative Mentor

The journey to becoming a Mason sometimes begins much earlier than we may think, and that journey may well begin, as it did for me, in the Order of DeMolay. My life within Masonry began when a respected elder in the First Christian Church at Fullerton asked me one day, “Have you ever heard about the Order of DeMolay?”  I didn’t know anything about DeMolay, much less about Freemasonry or other Masonic organizations. (Although my paternal grandfather had been a Mason, he died when I was six years old.) Freemasonry has a rule against asking anyone to become a Mason, but that does not apply to talking to young men about DeMolay or inviting them to consider joining. As a 15-year-old young man, I was intrigued by DeMolay as an organization and the promise it presented to me.

If that elder had never asked me about the young men’s fraternity, I likely would never have discovered DeMolay, and probably would never have become a Freemason. And, despite how greatly I valued my experience in DeMolay, DeMolay membership itself probably would not have inspired me to seek to become a Mason, had it not been for the Masons who made up our chapter advisory council and the examples they set for me. Beyond being great advisors for our chapter, they were men whose lives reflected the principles I valued.  They were the kind of men that I wished to become as an adult. Today, so many years later, they have continued to influence my life. And because of them, at the age of 21 – then the minimum age to ask to become a Mason – I petitioned a lodge for the degrees of Masonry.

My journey in Freemasonry has been enabled and empowered by Masons who seemed to genuinely understand what Freemasonry is all about.  They pointed me toward resources where I could learn more about this amazing and ancient organization, and they encouraged me to study its teachings and its history.  I soon found that the more I learned, the more that there was to learn, and early on I formed a habit – which I still have – to try to learn and understand something new every day.  Freemasonry became for me a journey into gaining knowledge of myself beyond just learning more about Freemasonry itself.  The more I came to understand the impact of the teachings of Freemasonry on my life, the more I was empowered to be successful in the chosen endeavors of my life.  The rough and perfect ashlars became more than Masonic symbols: They became an ideal of personal progress; a way of understanding that we can be better tomorrow than we are today.  It is the idea of growth that these two symbols represent, and growth in knowledge and understanding became a passion for me.

The teachings of Freemasonry also shaped my understanding of the world of knowledge outside of the craft.  Never satisfied with what I already knew, learning new things became a driving force for me in all aspects of my life.  I found that a university education was not an end in itself, but the door to a lifelong commitment to learning more and more every year.  Along the way I met Masons who share a similar passion, and many of these brothers are still the ones from whom I learn about Freemasonry in general, and about life itself.  They truly became “friends and brothers, among whom no contention should ever exist, except that noble contention, or rather emulation, of best can work and best agree.”  The Masonic ideal is one in which we respect one another for our attainments, but without the destructive behavior so often seen outside the fraternity, where competition can undermine friendship.

In the end, Freemasonry has shaped my life in ways that I could never have imagined in 1958 when someone asked me if I knew anything about the Order of DeMolay.  My life would have been far different if C. Stanley Chapman had never sought out a 15-year-old boy at church, and asked that question. Because of this, I have tried to live a life that is worthy of his having asked that question so many long years ago.

The Rites and Rituals of Freemasonry

–By Adam Kendall, P.M.

One of the most interesting – and sometimes confusing – aspects of Freemasonry is its varied rituals and rites. To study them is to understand the fraternity’s wild creative streak and its ability to adapt to diverse social and cultural trends.

Defining “Acceptability”
Grand lodges around the world recognize hundreds of rites and rituals, yet in every jurisdiction, some traditions are perceived to strain the bonds of acceptable Masonic practice. Some shunned practices imitate, or are derived from, Masonic ritual but practiced primarily by non-Masonic or quasi-Masonic organizations. Other practices may be dissuaded based on personal biases on from those responsible for determining what is “Masonic” enough. Although Freemasonry is a global organization, many Masons are rooted in a perception of the fraternity that directly correlates with their personal experience and worldview. When they learn of unfamiliar practices, they may inadvertently perceive these rites and rituals as inferior, or as deviations to what they consider to be “true” Masonry. But a hazard of dismissing practices that are unfamiliar is that when one Mason learns of a diverse practice through the lens of another’s negative perception, misinformation and falsehoods can spread, leading the unfamiliar practice to be negatively branded, even when such perceptions are without merit.

Standardization and Variety
For the most part, Masonic ritual in the United States derives from a common source and follows a state-based ritual (in California’s case, we are governed by the California Masonic Code). This differs from the experience of British Masons; although lodges under their jurisdiction follow establish guidelines, there is no official ritual and lodges practice several different varieties. This is also true in Scotland, where lodges often adapt historic ceremonies to local traditions. In these countries, no two lodges’ ritual experiences are the same. Regalia is also highly personalized for local fraternal identity. Other countries’ grand lodges sometimes allow for a multitude of craft rituals, some of which belong to rites with degrees extending beyond the Master Mason, such as the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, the Modern Rite, or the Rectified Scottish Rite. These differences in flexibility at the jurisdictional level lead to an interesting difference in Masonic experience as we further investigate the various rites’ intersection.

Worldwide Masonic Rites

  • The York or American Rite
    The York or American Rite consists of the three craft degrees – Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft, and Master Mason; the Royal Arch, including several qualifying degrees leading to it; Royal and Select Masters (omitted in some jurisdictions); and the Orders of the Knights Templar. These degrees and orders originated from Great Britain and form the body of the Anglo-American Masonic experience. In the United States, they are governed independently, but each successive degree requires membership in the previous. This system has nothing to do with York, England, or the United Grand Lodge of England; therefore, it is appropriate to describe it as the American Rite. Its practice was written and compiled by American Mason Thomas Smith Webb, who adapted William Preston’s lectures. Apart from Pennsylvania, the vast majority of American lodges practice some variant of Webb’s ritual.
  • The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite
    The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite is widely practiced in the Masonic community. It originates from high-degree French Masonic systems, which gained popularity during the second half of the 18th century, spread to the West Indies and the United States, and achieved its modern form in the early 19th century. Most Anglo-American Masons who join the Scottish Rite do so at the fourth degree. The candidate receives the following degrees through ritual drama, written conferral, special invitation, and so forth. Nevertheless, the rite is a full system of degrees – first to 33rd. It is a common practice throughout the world that the grand lodges have ultimate authority over the craft degrees. Thus, craft lodges, under dispensation from their grand lodges, will confer the degrees written for the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. Because of the rite’s history in France, its third degree does not resemble that of Anglo-American lodges. It continues into the fourth degree, with each thereafter following in succession until the final 33rd degree. Fitting with the character of the era in which they were written, the degrees are deeply philosophical and openly extol a Hermetic doctrine. The Scottish Rite degrees exemplify how Freemasonry can be interpreted as a school with progressive degrees that accommodate expanding intellect and wisdom. The Scottish Rite’s high grades are governed by what is known as a supreme council.
  • The Rite of Memphis, the Rite of Misraïm, and the Rite of Memphis and Misraïm
    The Rite of Memphis, Rite of Misraïm, and Rite of Memphis and Misraïm are high-degree systems evolving from an overt desire to link Freemasonry to the supposed mystery schools of Ancient Egypt. They originated during the early to mid 19th century and reflect a robust contemporary fascination with all things Egyptian, known as “Egyptomania.” Interestingly, although these degrees never flourished in the United States or England (except through irregular and quasi-Masonic orders), the craft degrees of the Rite of Memphis and Misraïm are still practiced by regular Masonic lodges in Italy and Romania, with the higher degrees administered by separate governing councils. Most Masons can identify the Rite of Memphis by its astonishing 98-degree structure.
  • The Rectified Scottish Rite (Le Rite Écossais Rectifié, or R.E.R.)
    This highly mystical rite is based in mid-18th century French-Christian esotericism, Écossais (Scottish) Freemasonry – the same tradition that birthed the Scottish Rite, but having little to do with the craft worked in Scotland – and Franco-German neo-Templarism. Created in 1768 in Lyon, France, by Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, it combined the Rite of Strict Observance, with the mystical doctrine espoused by Martinez de Pasqually and his Order of Knight Masons of the Elect Cohens of the Universe. The rite consists of six official degrees, beginning with Entered Apprentice and culminating in Chevalier Bienfaisant de la Cité Sainte. Its fourth degree is Scottish Knight of Saint Andrew – an 18th century Masonic degree that is found in the Scottish Rite and several others. It bridges the Old Testament and New Testament, as the candidate is guided into the Christian mysteries of the New Law, which forms the basis of spiritual chivalry. This rite’s craft degrees are practiced in regular lodges in France and Switzerland, while respective bodies confer the high grades. Governing bodies are known as great priories, and are found in Europe, Australia, and North America.
  • The Swedish Rite
    Practiced primarily in Scandinavia, with a small presence amongst ethnic Swedes in Finland and a variant in northern Germany, this high-degree system of 11 grades originated in the mid-18th century. Unlike Anglo-American Freemasonry’s side-degrees and organizations, the Swedish Rite is practiced in full, with the chief goal of each candidate passing on to each successive degree over the course of several years and even decades. The lodge master is elected for several years and there is no guarantee that his wardens will ever ascend to the Oriental Chair. The rituals of the rite have not been subjected to exposure; its members take seriously the discretion required of them. It also demands a profession of the Christian faith, which is not terribly controversial if one considers the religious history of Freemasonry as well as that of Scandinavia. For these latter reasons, the rite is sometimes misunderstood by other Masons, particularly within the United States, where the expression of Masonic mysteries is often confined to one rite within a fixed locale. The Swedish Rite is, in fact, one of serious depth and mysticism.

Although there are many more fascinating rites that are worthy of study – including the Adoniram, French, Schroeder, and Baldwin, to name a few – this summary is intended to briefly illustrate the historical variety of the Masonic community, which often moves far beyond the first three degrees. Freemasonry is an organization that delights in its ancient and mysterious charm. Highly dramatic and elaborate ceremonies inspired by these historical romanticisms produced, some of the most meaningful and philosophically rich rituals that the fraternal community has to offer. They call to all Masonic scholars to deeply consider their own traditions – as well as the possibilities in store for those who seek more knowledge about its craft.

Adam G. Kendall is a past master of Phoenix Lodge No. 144 and Northern California Research Lodge in San Francisco. He is a member of the Board of Directors for the Scottish Rite Research Society and previously served as collections manager of the Henry W. Coil Library & Museum of Freemasonry